Describe the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc. Describe the determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.

 Introduction: Influenza is commonly knowns as flu, it is an infectious disease and will be caused by influenza virus. There will be spectrum of symptoms for the disease, which will include high fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, counging as well as sneezing and tiresomeness. Normally it will take about 48hours or more for the infected to display the symptoms. Once after symptoms are exposed the disease will continue to exist for more than two weeks of time later on. Children will face a variety of diseases like diarrhea and vomiting(Kuehn,2006), however they are not very common in adults. Sometimes, the already existing health ailmnets in the infected like asthama and heart failures will get worsended after getting affected with Influenza disease. The following part of the write-up will discuss about the characteristics of the disease, the social determinants, epidemiological triangle etc. Also there is discussion on the role of the community health nurses in handling the disease, agencies working for the resolving the impact of the disease and finally implications of the disease on global perspective are presented here in the report. The coverage included in detail the characteristics of the disease, the factors that contribute to the spread of the disease, the transmission mode etc. Social determinants of the disease like health disparities, educational disparities, social economic differences and the implications of the same in limiting the spread of the disease is detailed in the report. Demographic data typical statistical data in terms of the morbidity rate in United States for this disease in the recent years provided here in the report. Also there is detailed focus on the aspects like epidemiological triangle, health care nurses role in preventing the disease and global implications of the influenza with respect to diverse countries and cultures presented in the discussion(CDC,2011).

Question 1: Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.

Answer: Analysis of the disease:

1. Disease: Influenza disease is a contagious respiratory illness and this will be caused by Influenza viruses. These viruses will normally infect the nose, throat and in somecases the lungs of the victim. The consequences of getting effected with Influenza can be from mild to even severe. In extreme cases Influenza can even lead to the death of the individual. The best and very easy way to prevent the disease is to employ Flu vaccine every year(Davlin,2016). This is more important to protect the vulnerable population from the disease more seriously.

2. Symptoms of Flu: Flu symptoms can be from mild to severe and one more of the symptoms can work on to impact the person. Some of the symptoms of the desease will include Fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body Aches, Head aches, Chills, Fatigue and even diarrhea and vomiting. Some of combination of several of these symptoms may be present in each of these victim case. The condition and consequences of symptoms can range from mild to severe.

3. Mode of Transmission: There are several ways in which the flu disease can spread from the infected person. Mainly when an infected person, coughs, snoozes or talks the droplets from the infected person will fall on the victim noses or mouth and will cause the infection. In certain cases when the victim keeps his hand on the surface containing influenza virus and later if he carries the same to the eyes or the mouth or the nose, the virus will spread causing infection in the person. The age of the target person directly impacts the vulnerability of the disease, children are more prone to the disease than the adults. Also the environemntla conditions will decide the spread of the disease, since these conditions will decide the survivability of the virus. For example virus can survive on particular type of surfaces and particular type of temperature conditions for long time than in normal cases.

4. Complications: The disease will create a number of complications in the person infected with the disease. Some of the most commonly seen infections in the person include bacterial pneumonia, ear infections, sinus infections and if they are already having some medical problems, they will get more severe. Normally congestive heart failures, asthama and in some cases diabetes will become more severe with the impact of this infection.

5. Treatment: Influenza is a treatable disease, when a person is infected with influenza, he can be provided with antiviral treatment in terms of either pills, liquid, anti venous drugs etc. There are variety of drugs available for this purpose, some of the most commonly employed drugs include Tamiflu, which is oseltamivir phosphate, Relenza which is also called as Zanamivir, Rapivab also called as Peramivir and Xofluza which is trade name for baloxavir marboxil. However still usage of flu vaccine is the best remedy. Demographic of interest

6. Demographic data: As per the recent statistics available for Influenza, the total deaths occurred in the recent years is 2005 and this is equal to about 0.9 deaths for every 1,00,000 population. Morbidity rates of the disease is as high as 10 to 20% during the times of outbreak and it is as high as 50% during the epidemic conditions(Laidlaw,1935). The deaths are higher in the instances fo the patients suffering with the chronic diseases as well in the elder people.

7. Incidence and prevalence: There is no much growth rate of the disease and this will not contribute to the actual prevalence of the disease as the disease is quick curable disease. Hence the mobidity of the disease will just reach the prevalence rate and will stabilize there. The following graph shows how the morbidity of the disease and prevalence of the disease are spread(Simonsen et al.,2009).

Figure 1 Incidence and prevalence of the disease

Influenza And Epidemiology.jpg

8. Influenza and reporting of the disease: yes in most of the states, local and federal governments Influenza is a reportable disease, the implications of the disease will be reported to CDC. But the specific directives related to the type of implications of influenza that need to be reported to CDC will vary from state to state. For example in Minnesota, Any resident hospitalized with laboratory-positive influenza will be reported to CDC. Further if there are any deaths occurred due to influenza or any critical illness related to influence is observed, it need to be informed to CDC. Unusual case incidences are other aspects that need to be reported to CDC. Clusters and novel strains do fall in this category of the reporting requirements. Health care service providers are requested to report the disease to MDH. It is requested to report about the case through diverse channels, one can use yellow disesase cards, immunization information connections as well as phone connections to report the disease to the concerned authorities. These observations are to be reported as soons as possible and they will be included in the weekly surveillance reports to take appropriate actions further.