Pharmacologic Approaches to the Treatment of Insomnia in a Younger Adult.

 
 Insomnia continues to pose lifestyle challenges and is linked to impairing adults' quality lives, deaths, and disability among young adults (Krystal et al., 2019). According to Krystal et al. (2019), insomnia results from difficulty staying or falling asleep and maintaining good sleep, disrupting daytime functioning due to fatigue and stress. The authors noted that insomnia is one of the risk factors of disorders including depression, PTSD, substance abuse, anxiety, hypertension, suicide ideation, and diabetes. Moreover, insomnia diagnosis criteria are based on staying asleep, sleeping history, falling asleep, unexpected awakening, and dysfunction during the daytime. Additionally, insomnia is associated with low education, low income, divorce or relationship strains, and other environmental issues. Physical and mental exam in crucial in insomnia assessment including body mass index, exam for airways for sleep apnea and neck circumference, which can also give other diagnoses and comorbid conditions (Krystal, et al., 2019). A case of 31 years old male presenting to the clinic with a complaint of insomnia.stating that insomnia has gotten worse continuously over the last six months (Laureate Education, 2020b). According to the patient, he has never been a good sleeper, but now, he has issues falling asleep and maintaining sleep. At approximately six months of age, the sleep issues began after the loss of his fiancé. Insomnia affects his job performance as a forklift operator at a chemical company (Laureate Education, 2020b). Patient reports using diphenhydramine in the past but does not like how it makes him feel afterward. He has already fallen asleep at work due to a lack of night sleep (Laureate Education, 2020b). The patient's previous physician states that he has a history of opiate abuse, which began after the patient broke his ankle and was prescribed hydrocodone/APAP for acute pain management (Laureate Education, 2020b)