Week 3 Case Study TemplatePathophysiology & Clinical Findings of the Disease1. Are the spirometry results consistent with obstructive or restrictive pulmonary disease? What is the most likely pulmonary diagnosis for this patient?

 The spirometry results are consistent with obstructive pulmonary disease. First, the FVC is low. The FEV1 is also low but lower than FVC. A person with the obstructive pulmonary disease can barely exhale quickly because of enhanced airway resistance. Consequently, the FEV1/FVC ratio is lower than expected (Respiration lab: Lung diseases (obstructive/restrictive), n.d.). The patient’s breathing challenges and possible airflow blockage are consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 2. Explain the pathophysiology associated with the chosen pulmonary disease.COPD is a deadly health condition that affects a person’s lungs and breathing ability. It mainly begins with damaged airways, plus the lungs’ tiny sacs. As a result, air cannot flow efficiently in their lungs (Eapen et al., 2017). Patients experience massive resistance,challenging their normal breathing. 3. Identify at least three subjective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis.First, a 61-year-old male claims to experience shortness of breath. He also complains of fatigue. The patient claims to experience a dry, non-productive cough. 4. Identify at least three objective findings from the case which support the chosen diagnosis:The patient has a respiratory rate (RR) of 22. Although it is not above 25, which is considered COPD exacerbation signs, RR 22 is beyond a standard range of 12 and 20 (Sakhaei et al., 2018). Second, the patient has a SaO2 of 82 percent, below the normal range of 88-92 percent (Colmenares & Moreno, 2019). Finally, the patient’s oral mucous membranes are dry. Although it is a dramatic symptom, dry mouth is standard among patients with COPD.