Concept Analysis Scholarly Paper Concept analyses are used in nursing to explain phenomena further. The phenomenon of medication errors among nurses in the acute care setting is a dilemma affecting the healthcare system today. Patients in the acute care setting can be critically ill, and medication errors can severely impact his/her care. Medication errors kill between 7000 to 9000 people and cost 40 billion dollars annually (Tariq, 2021). There have been many investigations into the causes of medication errors. The focus of most of these investigations has been the nurses administering the medications. The concept analysis looks further into explaining why nurses are making medication errors. This paper aims to use the concept analysis of medication errors to examine the phenomena of interest, medication errors among nurses in the acute care setting. Concept Analysis Description

Concept Analysis Scholarly Paper Concept analyses are used in nursing to explain phenomena further. The phenomenon of medication errors among nurses in the acute care setting is a dilemma affecting the healthcare system today. Patients in the acute care setting can be critically ill, and medication errors can severely impact his/her care. Medication errors kill between 7000 to 9000 people and cost 40 billion dollars annually (Tariq, 2021). There have been many investigations into the causes of medication errors. The focus of most of these investigations has been the nurses administering the medications. The concept analysis looks further into explaining why nurses are making medication errors. This paper aims to use the concept analysis of medication errors to examine the phenomena of interest, medication errors among nurses in the acute care setting. Concept Analysis Description

Relationship of Human Happiness and Misery to Virtue Ethics in Aristotle’s Theory Dalrymple claimed that the main difference between misery and human happiness is the decisions made by individuals. He claimed that no biological characteristic can make a distinction between depression and unhappiness. The author attested that happiness and misery are recognized as emotional responses to the peoples’ decisions. Human happiness and misery are based on the decisions that people make. Aristotle claimed that the main goal of human beings is happiness. People do not find true happiness because it is connected to virtues. Many individuals lack virtues which reduces their happiness. Dalrymple argues happiness is linked to the choices made by individuals but Aristotle claims that happiness is influenced by virtue. Reasons for Dalrymple’s Argument

The Frivolity of Evil. In his article “The Frivolity of Evil” Theodore Dalrymple analyses the state of evil in the society. In the article, he develops his argument about the continued state of the evil acts in the society. According to him, we human beings set the stage for the different kinds of evils to happen in society. He gives different scenarios where the actions of human beings have allowed evils and atrocities to happen. For the case of the woman who had depression, her mother set up the stage for the woman to undergo what she went through. Theodore blames the woman’s mother for not teaching and guiding her towards getting a good man to settle down with.

After working with your preceptor to assess organizational policies, create a list of measurable outcomes for your capstone project intervention. Write a list of three to five outcomes for your proposed intervention. Below each outcome, provide a one or two sentence rationale. The capstone project intervention of multimodal strategies to reduce burnout in nurses has four measurable outcomes and they are as follows: Outcome 1: reduced turnover ratio in health care As more nurses will collaborate together and work towards reducing stress in the work environment, turnover ratio decreases as a smaller number of nurses will leave the job (Yao et al., 2018).

After working with your preceptor to assess organizational policies, create a list of measurable outcomes for your capstone project intervention. Write a list of three to five outcomes for your proposed intervention. Below each outcome, provide a one or two sentence rationale. The capstone project intervention of multimodal strategies to reduce burnout in nurses has four measurable outcomes and they are as follows: Outcome 1: reduced turnover ratio in health care As more nurses will collaborate together and work towards reducing stress in the work environment, turnover ratio decreases as a smaller number of nurses will leave the job (Yao et al., 2018).

The two resources I need to integrate into the NCLEX-RN Readiness plan that will support the development of the identified learning need are; ATI Dynamic Quizzes and Passpoint Questions. a) ATI Dynamic Quizzes According to Altun et al. (2018), the ATI Dynamic Quizzes exam is employed by registered nurse school personnel and student nurses to anticipate NCLEX success. The multiplechoice test is a precise and reliable method of determining NCLEX readiness. The quiz is a method of determining and measuring the weaknesses and strengths of existing medical students. b) Passpoint Questions

A description of how the identified priority concept (topic) aligns with the NCLEX Client Need This topic correlates with my NCLEX client's need because when providing care to a patient, we want to remove the catheter as soon as possible to reduce the risk of developing a new problem and monitor the patient's urine output. According to Schlairet and Rubenstein (2019), NCLEX client need comprises the four needs categories included in a test plan. The main focus areas are; Health Promotion and Maintenance, a Safe

Healthcare problem The healthcare problem is the high rate of catheter acquired urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in adult patients. Hospital stay duration increases, hospital costs increase, antibiotic use increases, as well as morbidity and mortality increase when infections occur with the use of indwelling urinary catheters (IUC). Significance of the problem This problem is significant because CAUTI is the leading healthcare related infection in the world. Forty percent of all healthcare infections are related to urinary tract infections (UTIs) and three quarters of UTIs are linked to IUCs (Gesmundo, 2016)

NR 452 Capstone Evidence-based Paper A catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is a urinary tract infection caused by a urinary catheter used to discharge urine from the bladder in patients who are unable to pass urine on their own. The infection is among the most common infections that a patient can contract in the hospital. The symptoms of CAUTI include cloudy urine, strong urine odor, fever, chills, and blood in the urine, and discomfort in the lower back/stomach. In some cases, it is difficult to diagnose CAUTIs, especially in hospitalized patients because the original illness could have similar symptoms. It is worth noting that CAUTI has been linked with a higher rate of morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and hospital cost (Cortese et al., 2018).

Introduction The therapeutic modality I will be discussing with this paper is Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, or ECMO. This therapeutic modality is one that requires specific training above and beyond general entry-level nursing education as it deals with very complex technology and is utilized in patients with a severe condition that could potentially be life-threatening and must be handled delicately.

AVAILABLE RESOURCES Economic instability should not be a reason why an individual succumbs to death by overdose. Westminster, Md has partnered with the state of Maryland and Carroll County to provide services for those in need. Operation Save a Life Naloxone training is a free training program that is offered to all individuals in Westminster, MD. It is offered the third Wednesday of each month and a free naloxone kit is provided for those who attend. The Carroll County Mobile Crisis Team is also available free of charge and provides “harm reduction interventions, overdose support, assessment, and referral to treatment for those requesting assistance with substance use concerns” (Carroll County, MD - Crisis Response - Treatment & Recovery, n.d.). D. NEEDED RESOURCES

SDOH The Social Determinant of Health which has the greatest impact of 25–34-year-old males living in Westminster who are at risk for an opioid overdose is economic stability. B1. SUBPOPULATION IMPACT Per the map found on the Carroll County Sheriff’s office website, many of the overdoses reported occurred in the areas of Westminster comprised primarily of lower income housing. Not having the financial resources to provide for yourself or your family can have a detrimental impact on the health and well-being of any individual. Living with economic instability can cause an individual to feel hopeless and desperate leading to poor decisions with negative consequences. In 2017, the largest contributors to morbidity and mortality in Maryland in 2017 were heart disease and drug overdose, respectively. Heart disease contributed to 11,653 deaths and drug overdose caused 2,227 deaths (Stats of the State of Maryland, 2019).

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS The climate in Westminster is typically humid and warm in the summer and frigid and blustery with the occasional snowstorm in the winter. The average high temperature in July is 87° the average low in January is 23°. Westminster receives an average of 44” of rain each year and 26” of snow. The Air Quality index (AQI) for Westminster in 2018 was 75.3, the United States is 74.2. Tornadic and earthquake activity in Westminster was higher than average in comparison to the state of Maryland. Westminster had a 17% higher average for tornados in relation the average of the United States and had a 58% lower average for earthquakes compared to the United States average. (Westminster, Maryland (MD 21157, 21158) Profile: Population, Maps, Real Estate, Averages, Homes, Statistics, Relocation, Travel, Jobs, Hospitals, Schools, Crime, Moving, Houses, News, Sex Offenders, n.d.). A2. COMPARISON

Westminster Maryland is an urban community centrally located in Carroll County in north central Maryland. It is 36 miles northwest of Baltimore, Maryland and is the Carroll County seat. As charming as the community is, there is an underlying issue that is plaguing Westminster. The opioid overdose epidemic is a national issue and has not spared Westminster. The opioids considered here include fentanyl, heroin, cocaine and prescription opioids (methadone, oxycodone, and tramadol). From January 1, 2022, to July 31, 2022, there were 210 reported overdoses resulting in 32 deaths in Carroll County, 76 of these reported overdoses were in Westminster ending with 12 deaths. This is only six months of data which is quite alarming. Males aged 25 to 34 were the most affected sex and age group in Westminster with a total of 51 overdoses (67%) by males and 26 overdoses (34%) in the 25-34 age group in first six months of 2022 (Welcome to Carroll County Sheriff’s Office, n.d.)

D1. Resources Explanation Six in ten Americans live with at least one chronic disease, like heart disease and stroke, cancer, or diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022). These diseases are the leading driver of healthcare costs and the leading cause of death and disability in America. Most chronic diseases can be prevented by eating well, being physically active, avoiding tobacco and excessive drinking, and getting regular health screenings (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2022).

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) According to a recent community health needs assessment report published by Brookwood Baptist Health, access to care is one social determinant of health (SDOH) for low-income individuals. Most uninsured people state that the main reason they do not have insurance is cost. Many do not have access to coverage through a job, and some people, particularly poor adults in states that did not expand Medicaid, remain ineligible for financial assistance for coverage (Brookwood Baptist Health, 2020).

A1. Description of Environmental Concerns According to the U.S. Department of housing and Urban development 63.23% of Birmingham’s housing is pre-1980s. Most of these homes are low-income housing where young children are likely to live. Lead is a highly toxic metal and can cause a range of health problems, especially in young children (Lead-based Paint Resources for Public Housing Authorities, n.d.). Lead is known to cause issues such as behavioral problems, learning disabilities, seizures, and death. Some of the symptoms include headache, stomachache, nausea, tiredness, and irritability (Lead-based Paint Resources for Public Housing Authorities, n.d.). Although, some children may not show any symptoms at all.

D224: Global and Population Health A. Description of Location and Subpopulation Community/Location: The community I chose for my subpopulation that is affected by social determinants of health is the community where I work, Birmingham, AL. Birmingham was born thought the iron and steel industry. Birmingham is the only place in the world where all the ingredients for making iron are present- coal, iron ore, and limestone, all within a ten-mile radius (Home - Greater Birmingham Convention & Visitors Bureau - Alabama, n.d.).

Evidence-Based Intervention Discussion “Food banks have the potential to improve food security outcomes when operational resources are adequate, provisions of perishable food groups are available, and client needs are identified and addressed.” (Lixia Ge, Chun Wei Yap, Bee Hoon Heng. 2020) Coles County still has many people living in poverty expierencing food insecurity. There is a food panty in Coles County but the need is greater than the available resources. If Coles County had a food pantry with enough operational resources to help the elderly population there would be a potential for them to have better health outcomes.